What Are Windscreen Wipers and How To Change Wiper Blade For My Car

Windscreen wipers may seem like a small part of your car, but they are crucial for road safety. They are vital for keeping your view clear in wet, muddy, or icy conditions. Whether facing heavy rain, morning frost, or dust from country roads, functional wiper blades are essential for a safe trip.

In this guide, we'll discuss how windscreen wipers work, when to replace them, the types available, how to choose the right size, and if faulty wipers could cause an MOT failure. We'll also look at how to extend their lifespan and review some of the best wiper blades for UK vehicles. From routine maintenance to smart purchasing choices, here's everything you need to keep your windscreen clear in all seasons.

What Are Windscreen Wipers?

Windscreen wipers are mechanical parts attached to the front and sometimes the rear windows of a vehicle. Each wiper has a metal or plastic arm connected to a flexible rubber blade. When turned on, the wiper arms move back and forth across the windscreen, effectively clearing away rain, snow, frost, dirt, and other debris that can block a driver's view.

These blades are powered by an electric motor and controlled by the driver using a stalk near the steering wheel. Many modern cars are equipped with automatic rain-sensing technology that adjusts wiper speed depending on rainfall intensity.

How Do Windscreen Wipers Work?

Windscreen wipers keep your view clear while driving by using electrical power and mechanical movement. A small electric motor, usually mounted under the bonnet near the windscreen base, powers this system. The motor drives a set of linkages and pivot points that convert rotational energy into the motion needed to sweep the blades across the glass.

Each wiper arm connects to a rubber blade that conforms to the shape of your windscreen. As the arms move together, the blades remove rainwater, snow, dirt, or debris that can obstruct your vision. The driver controls the wipers via a stalk or switch on the steering column, which allows for several speed settings, including intermittent, low, and high. Many vehicles also have a 'mist' function for a quick wipe.

Newer cars may include rain-sensing wipers that activate automatically when moisture is detected on the glass. These systems use optical sensors behind the rearview mirror to gauge rainfall intensity and adjust wiper speed as needed. Windscreen wipers also work with a washer system that sprays cleaning fluid to help loosen tough dirt, bird droppings, or dried insects. A small pump draws the fluid from a reservoir and sprays it onto the windshield when you use the washer function, which is activated by pulling the stalk toward you.

Key Components of a Windscreen Wiper System:

• Wiper Motor - Provides the electrical power to move the wipers.
• Linkage Mechanism - Transfers motor rotation to blade movement.
• Wiper Arms - Connect the linkage to the blade and apply pressure on the glass.
• Rubber Blades - Clean the screen by wiping it across.
• Washer Pump and Nozzles - Spray washer fluid for enhanced cleaning.

When To Change Windscreen Wipers?

Wiper blades are often low maintenance, yet they wear out faster than many drivers think. Given the UK's wet, windy, and sometimes frosty climate, your windscreen wipers frequently endure tough conditions. Damaged blades can affect visibility and safety. It's important to know when to replace your wiper blades.

Most manufacturers suggest changing them every 6 to 12 months, but the timing can depend on how often you drive, where you park, and the weather conditions. There are several clear signs that your blades need replacement.

Common Signs Your Wiper Blades Need Replacing:

• Streaking or Smearing: Water or moisture streaks left on the windscreen indicate a worn or hardened rubber blade.
• Squeaking or Chattering Sounds: A high-pitched squeak or juddering motion usually means the rubber is brittle, warped, or not making full contact with the glass.
• Skipping or Missed Spots: Untouched areas on your windscreen as wipers pass suggest blade damage or uneven wiper arm tension.
• Cracked or Split Rubber: Visible cracks, tears, or frayed edges in the rubber are clear signs it's time for replacement.
• Rust or Corrosion: Rust on older metal wiper frames can restrict movement or even scratch the glass.
• Poor Water Clearance: If blades struggle to keep up in heavy rain, visibility will worsen, necessitating replacement.

How To Stop Windscreen Wipers Squeaking?

Squeaky windscreen wipers are a common nuisance caused by several factors, but they are often easy to fix. Here's how to stop them from squeaking:

1. Clean Your Windscreen Thoroughly

A dirty windscreen is a frequent cause of squeaky wipers. Dirt, dust, road grime, sap, or residues from car washes can build up on the glass. This creates friction for the wipers, leading to squeaking noises.

How to fix: Use a quality automotive glass cleaner and a clean microfiber cloth. Spray generously and wipe the entire windscreen, focusing on areas where the wipers sweep. Make sure there's no residue left.

2. Clean Your Wiper Blades

Like your windscreen, the rubber on your wiper blades can collect dirt, grit, and old rubber pieces. This buildup causes them to drag and squeak across the glass.

How to fix: Lift the wiper arms away from the windscreen. Dampen a clean cloth or paper towel with warm, soapy water or rubbing alcohol. Wipe the length of the rubber blade until no more dirt or black residue comes off. Clean both sides of the rubber.

3. Check Washer Fluid Levels and Quality

Lack of lubrication from washer fluid can cause blades to drag on a dry or insufficiently wet windscreen.

How to fix: Ensure your washer fluid reservoir is full. Use quality screen wash containing cleaning agents and lubricants instead of plain water. This helps the blades glide smoothly.

4. Inspect and Adjust Wiper Arm Alignment or Tension

Sometimes, wiper arms can become slightly bent or misaligned. This can prevent the blade from making contact with the glass or applying the right pressure, resulting in squeaking, or chattering.

How to fix: The rubber blade should trail slightly behind the wiper arm as it moves across the glass, instead of pushing flat or digging in. You can gently twist the arm to adjust the angle, but be cautious, as too much force can damage the arm or mechanism. If unsure, consult your vehicle manual or a mechanic.

5. Soften Stiff Blades

New blades or those exposed to harsh weather can become stiff, preventing smooth movement.

How to fix: For new or slightly older blades that feel stiff, wipe them by rubbing a bit of alcohol on a paper towel to condition the rubber. Specialized silicone lubricants made for rubber can also be applied sparingly to a cloth and then wiped on the blades. Avoid petroleum-based products like WD-40, as they can harm rubber over time.

6. Replace Your Wiper Blades

If cleaning and adjusting don't solve the issue, or if the blades show visible signs of wear (cracks, splits, hardening, or missing pieces), they need replacement.

How to fix: Wiper blades naturally wear down over time due to UV exposure, extreme temperatures, and regular use. Most manufacturers suggest changing them every 6 to 12 months. Make sure to buy the right type and size for your specific vehicle.

Can Faulty Wipers Lead to an MOT Failure?

Yes, faulty, or ineffective wiper blades can cause your car to fail its MOT test. Windscreen wipers and washers are safety components checked to ensure they give the driver an unobstructed view.

What the MOT Test Looks For:

• Effective Cleaning: Do the wiper blades clear the windscreen effectively?
• Blade Condition: Is the rubber intact, without splits or missing parts?
• Operational Speeds: Do the wipers operate correctly at all speeds?
• Washer System Functionality: Does the windscreen washer system spray adequately?

Blades that are torn, smearing water, missing chunks, or making excessive noise can lead to a major defect, resulting in an automatic MOT failure. Likewise, a washer system that does not spray fluid due to blockage or an empty reservoir can also lead to a failure.

Quick MOT Checklist for Wipers:

• Are your wipers clearing water cleanly without streaks?
• Is the washer fluid bottle full and spraying correctly?
• Are the blades free from cracks or tears?
• Do they move smoothly across the screen?

Replacing worn blades is inexpensive compared to the hassle of retesting your vehicle. Aim to change them yearly, especially before autumn and winter months, for peace of mind.

What Types of Wipers Blade Are There?

When it's time to replace your wipers, you'll find several types to pick from. Not all wiper blades are the same, and selecting the right style for your vehicle can improve performance, especially in rainy or icy conditions common in the UK.

Here's a breakdown of the main types of wiper blades available and how they differ:

1. Standard (Frame) Wiper Blades

Also known as conventional wipers, these are the most common and are typically found on older vehicles. They have a metal or plastic frame with several pressure points that hold the rubber blade against the windscreen.

Pros:

• Affordable and easy to find
• Simple to replace

Cons:

• Prone to rust and wear over time
• May lift at high speeds or in fierce winds

2. Flat (Beam) Wiper Blades

Flat blades are a modern upgrade designed to be more aerodynamic and efficient. They feature a tensioned steel strip embedded in the rubber for even pressure distribution across the windscreen.

Pros:

• Sleek, low-profile design
• Better performance in high winds and heavy rain
• Quieter operation and less streaking

Cons:

• More expensive
• May not fit some older vehicles

3. Hybrid Wiper Blades

Hybrid blades combine the frame structure of standard wipers with the smooth, curved design of flat blades. They balance durability and advanced performance.

Pros:

• Good wiping performance
• Improved all-weather resistance
• Stylish appearance

Cons:

• More costly than standard blades
• Compatibility varies between models

4. Rear Wiper Blades

Rear wiper blades are smaller and typically found on hatchbacks, SUVs, and estate cars. They come in flat, conventional, or hybrid styles and are crucial for maintaining rear visibility during wet or muddy conditions.

5. Winter Wiper Blades (Less common in the UK)

These blades are made for extreme cold. They have a rubber cover to prevent snow and ice buildup. They're handy in colder climates but usually not needed in most parts of the UK.

How to Choose the Right Wiper Blades for Your Car?

Choosing the right windscreen wiper blades for your car is crucial for clear visibility and road safety. With many types, sizes, and fittings available, you need to find wipers that are compatible with your specific vehicle.

Here's a detailed guide to help you pick the right wiper blades for your car:

1. Check Your Vehicle Manual

Your owner's manual is the best place to start. It lists the exact specifications (length and type) for both the driver's and passenger's side wiper blades. If your car has a rear wiper, its specifications should be included too. This ensures a perfect fit for your windscreen's shape, giving you the best contact and clearing ability.

2. Measure Your Existing Blades

If you can't access your manual, measure the length of your current wiper blades with a tape measure. Blades are typically measured in inches or millimeters. Most vehicles use different sizes for the driver and passenger sides. The driver's side blade is usually longer to provide better visibility.

3. Use Online Wiper Blade Finder Tools

This is often the easiest method. Many auto retailers and wiper blade manufacturers have lookup tools on their websites where you enter your car's license plate number (or make, model, and year). The system will suggest the correct blade types, sizes, and even brands for your vehicle.

4. Understand Wiper Arm Connection Types

Wiper blades attach to the wiper arm using various fittings. It's important that your new blades come with the right adapter for your car. While many modern replacement blades come with a multi-adapter kit to fit several common types, here are a few to be aware of:

• Hook-type (U-Hook): This is one of the most common fittings, where the blade slides onto a U-shaped hook on the wiper arm.
• Pinch Tab: These blades have two tabs that are pinched together to slot into the wiper arm.
• Side Pin: A pin on the wiper arm fits into a corresponding hole on the blade.
• Bayonet: The blade slides onto a bayonet-style connector on the arm.
• Push Button: These blades have a button that releases them from the arm and allows the new one to click into place.
• Top Lock/Slim Top: Similar to push-button fittings, where the blade slots into place using a button on top.

You can usually identify your wiper blade fitting type by simply looking at the connection point on your existing wipers.

5. Consider Wiper Blade Types

Aside from size and fitting, there are different styles of wiper blades, each with its own features:

• Conventional (Frame) Wipers: These traditional-style blades have a visible metal or plastic frame that holds the rubber blade. They are common on older cars and are generally more affordable.
• Flat (Beam) Wipers: These wipers are sleeker and more aerodynamic. They use a tensioned steel strip embedded within the rubber to apply even pressure across the windscreen. They are common on modern vehicles and offer better performance in high winds and heavy rain.
• Hybrid Wipers: These combine features of both conventional and flat blades. They often have a frame covered by an aerodynamic "skin," offering a good balance of performance and style.
• Rear Wiper Blades: Typically shorter, these blades are specifically designed for the rear windows of hatchbacks, SUVs, and estate cars.

Buy Branded or Budget?

When it comes to wiper blades, quality often correlates with performance and longevity.

• Branded wipers (e.g., Bosch, Valeo, Michelin) tend to offer:
• Better durability and longer lifespan.
• Quieter operation.
• Smoother, more effective wiping in all weather conditions.
• Specific vehicle fitments for optimal performance.
• Budget options can be tempting due to their lower price, but they may not last as long or offer the same level of performance, particularly in heavy rain or icy conditions. They might also be more prone to squeaking or streaking.

For optimal safety and visibility, especially in challenging weather, investing in good quality wiper blades from a reputable brand is generally recommended.

Are Passenger Wipers the Same Size as Driver's Wipers?

No, in most cars, the passenger-side wiper blade is not the same size as the driver's side wiper blade. This size difference is a deliberate design decision for important reasons. Primarily, it maximizes visibility for the driver. The longer driver's side blade clears a larger area directly in front of the driver, crucial for safety. The shorter passenger-side blade helps avoid the wipers hitting each other or the edges of the windscreen, especially when they are operating or resting by the bonnet or near the side pillars.

Car windscreens vary in shape, and using different sized blades helps ensure even pressure and efficient wiping across the entire glass surface. To find the correct sizes for your car, check your owner's manual, measure your existing blades, or use online tools where you enter your car's registration number or model details. Keep in mind that if your car has a rear wiper, it will usually be a different and smaller size. Using the wrong size blades can cause problems like the blades hitting each other, incomplete wiping, or straining the wiper motor. Blades that are too short will reduce visibility, posing dangers in bad weather.

How To Change Windscreen Wipers?

Replacing your windscreen wiper blades is a simple maintenance task that most drivers in the UK can do in just a few minutes. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you do it correctly and safely.

Tools You'll Need:

• Your new wiper blade replacements (right size and fit)
• Possibly a microfibre cloth to clean the arms
• Your vehicle manual for reference (optional but helpful)

Windscreen Wipers Replacement: Step-by-Step Process

• 1. Lift the Wiper Arm: Gently raise the wiper arm until it locks into a raised position. Be careful as it's spring-loaded and can snap back.
• 2. Unclip or Slide Off the Old Blade: Most wipers have a small tab or button to release the blade. Press this and slide the blade off.
• 3. Attach the New Blade: Slide or clip the new blade into place until it clicks securely.
• 4. Lower the Arm Gently: Slowly lower the arm back to the windscreen to prevent damage.
• 5. Repeat: Replace both blades for consistent wear and performance.
• 6. Test: Turn on your wipers and washer fluid to ensure smooth operation and effective clearing.

Rear wiper replacement is often simpler, typically clipping directly into a plastic housing.

How to Make Your Wiper Blades Last Longer

Regular care can significantly extend your wiper blades' lifespan and maintain their effectiveness.

• Clean Your Blades Regularly: Wipe the rubber edge gently with a damp cloth or paper towel every few weeks using mild soap and water or washer fluid. Clean the windscreen at the same time to prevent debris from grinding into the rubber.
• Lift Blades in Winter: In frost or snow, lift wiper arms away from the screen overnight to stop them from freezing to the glass. Use an ice scraper or de-icer spray instead of your wipers on ice to avoid tearing the blades.
• Don't Run Wipers on a Dry Screen: Always use washer fluid before activating your wipers to prevent friction and premature wear.
• Park in the Shade: Direct sunlight and heat can dry out and crack the rubber. Park in the shade or a garage if possible.
• Use Quality Washer Fluid: Screen wash contains cleaning agents and antifreeze, protecting both your glass and wipers. Avoid plain water.
• Inspect for Damage Frequently: Check monthly for cracks, splits, fraying rubber, excessive noise, or poor wiping performance. Replace at the first signs of wear.
• Replace Both Blades Together: Even if only one blade appears worn, the other likely has similar wear. Replacing both ensures consistent pressure and smooth wiping.

FAQs on Windscreen Wiper Blades

Does Frost Damage Wipers?

Yes, frost can damage your windscreen wipers, especially if used incorrectly on an icy screen. Running wipers over ice can lead to cracked rubber, bent arms, or even burnt-out motors.

Does Sun Damage Wipers?

Yes, prolonged exposure to sunlight and heat can significantly damage wiper blades. UV rays can dry out and crack the rubber over time, even in moderate summer sun.

Can Wiper Blades Be Refilled?

In some cases, wiper blades can be refilled by replacing only the rubber strip within the blade frame. This can be cost-effective and environmentally friendly but isn't always practical or recommended, as it depends on your vehicle's wiper design.

Conclusion:

Windscreen wipers may seem like a small part of your vehicle, but they are vital for clear visibility and safe driving in all weather conditions. From traditional frame-style blades to modern beam and hybrid designs, choosing the right wiper involves considering factors like your vehicle model, climate, and driving habits. Regular maintenance like cleaning the blades and checking for wear can help extend their lifespan and prevent annoying issues like streaking or squeaking. Faulty or ineffective wipers can lead to MOT test failures in the UK, as clear visibility is a legal safety requirement. Keeping them in good condition is not just about convenience; it's essential for road safety.

To further shield yourself from unexpected repair costs related to your vehicle's key components, including those affecting visibility and MOT compliance, consider investing in an extended car warranty. Warranty Direct offers various coverage options that can support you beyond standard warranties, helping you avoid costly surprises and keep your vehicle in MOT-ready condition year-round.